In Eye Upside Down: Visionary Filmmakers and the Heritage of Emerson (2008), Sitney held the work of a number of key avant-garde filmmakers up against the philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose influence in American culture is still all-pervading. In this masterclass, Sitney will outline the ideas developed in the book and illustrate them with short films by Menken, Hugo, Brakhage and Frampton.